I-HJ 1453-2026 “Ikhwalithi Yamanzi – Ukunqunywa kwe-Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni kanye ne-Cr – I-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry” ikhishwe ngokusemthethweni njengesisekelo esibalulekile sokutholwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ekhwalithini yamanzi futhi izoqala ukusebenza ngoMeyi 1, 2026. Leli zinga linikeza imininingwane yobuchwepheshe enegunya nethembekile yokunqunywa kwalezi zinto ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zensimbi esindayo emanzini angaphezulu, emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, indle yasekhaya kanye namanzi angcolile ezimboni. Lapho kubhekene nokubhekwa okuqinile nezidingo zokutholwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu, i-graphite furnace atom absorption spectrophotometry izoba yindlela ebalulekile yokusekela yokuqapha insimbi esindayo ekhwalithini yamanzi ngokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu, umkhawulo wokutholwa ophansi kanye nezici ezivuthiwe nezizinzile.
I-BFRL WFX-220A Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
1 Ukuhlolwa
1.1 Ukulungiswa kwethuluzi kanye ne-reagent
I-WFX-220A Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer: BFRL;
Isigubhu se-microwave kanye nesifudumezi sikagesi esilawula ukushisa esihlakaniphile: Yiyao Technology, M3;
isixazululo esijwayelekile se-Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr (1000 μg/mL); i-nitric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kanye ne-palladium nitrate konke kumsulwa kakhulu.
1.2 Ukulungiselela isampula
Ngemva kokuqoqwa kwesampula, engeza inani elifanele le-nitric acid ukuze ulungise i-acidity ibe yi-pH≤2, uyigcine endaweni emnyama, bese uyilinganisa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-40.
Kala ngokunembile amasampula amanzi angaphezulu angu-25.0 mL ethangini lokugaya i-microwave, engeza u-3 mL we-nitric acid kanye no-1 mL we-hydrochloric acid, bese uwafaka ku-microwave digester ukuze ugaye (Ithebula 1). Ngemva kokugaya, pholile kuze kufike ekushiseni kwegumbi, faka ku-electric thermal digester, bese ukhipha isixazululo kuze kube yilapho sicishe somile. Susa bese usipholisa, geza udonga lwangaphakathi nge-1% nitric acid okungenani izikhathi ezintathu, udlulisele ku-25ml colorimetric tube, nciphisa ivolumu nge-1% nitric acid ku-reticle, shukumisa kahle, bese uhlolwa.
Ithebula 1 Inqubo yokushisa yokugaya i-microwave
| Izinga lokushisa lokugaya ukudla | Isikhathi sokushisa (iminithi) | Isikhathi sokubamba (imizuzu) |
| Izinga lokushisa legumbi→120℃ | 0 | 3 |
| 120→150℃ | 0 | 3 |
| 150→180℃ | 0 | 20 |
1.3 Izimo zokuhlola
I-atomic absorption spectroscopy yasetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni, futhi izimo zokubhekisela kwezinsimbi ziboniswe kuThebula 2 ngezansi.
Ithebula 2 Izimo zokubhekisela zethuluzi lesithando se-graphite
| Isici | Cu | Pb | Cd | Ni | Cr |
| Isibani samanje | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Ubude begagasi | 324.7 | 283.3 | 228.8 | 232 | 357.9 |
| Ububanzi be-Spectral | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Izinga lokushisa lokomisa (℃)/Isikhathi (s) | 120/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 |
| Izinga lokushisa lomlotha (℃)/Isikhathi (s) | 900/30 | 550/15 | 550/15 | 800/15 | 850/15 |
| Izinga lokushisa le-atomization (℃)/Isikhathi (s) | 2300/3 | 2200/3 | 2000/3 | 2500/4 | 2500/3 |
| Ivolumu yomjovo (μL) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Ivolumu yomjovo we-Matrix improver （μL） | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Indlela yokulungisa ingemuva | Isibani se-Deuterium | Isibani se-Deuterium | Isibani se-Deuterium | Isibani se-Deuterium | Isibani se-Deuterium |
Ukucushwa kokuthuthukisa i-matrix: linganisa u-0.1g we-palladium nitrate, engeza u-1mL we-nitric acid (2.1) ukuze uncibilike, bese usetha ivolumu ibe ngu-100mL ngamanzi elabhorethri.
Ukudweba ama-curve asebenzayo: Izixazululo ezijwayelekile ezitholakala kwezentengiselwano ze-Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni kanye ne-Cr (1000 μg/mL) zancibilikiswa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, zalungiswa zaba yi-50 μg/L, 10 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 30 μg/L, kanye ne-10 μg/L yesisombululo esisetshenziswayo, kanti i-curve yokucushwa kwe-dilution yephuzu elilodwa yenziwa nge-autosampler.
2 Imiphumela nengxoxo
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezikhethiwe, ubudlelwano obuqondile babubuhle ku-0~50μg/L ye-Cu, 0~10μg/L ye-Pb, 0~1μg/L ye-Cd, 0~30μg/L ye-Ni, kanye ne-0~10μg/L ye-Cr, okungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-0.999; Ijika lokulinganisa liboniswe ku-Figure 1~Figure 5 ngezansi.
Umfanekiso 1 Ijika lokulinganisa le-Cu
Umfanekiso 2 Ijika lokulinganisa le-Pb
Umfanekiso 3 Ijika lokulinganisa i-Cd
Umfanekiso 4 Ijika lokulinganisa i-Ni
Umfanekiso 5 Ijika lokulinganisa le-Cr
Isixazululo esingenalutho salungiswa ngokwendlela yokuhlola futhi kwenziwa izilinganiso eziyi-11, kanti umkhawulo wokuthola indlela yokubala wawungu-17.34pg we-Cu, 1.51pg we-Pb, 0.42pg we-Cd, 17.77pg we-Ni, kanye no-1.28pg we-Cr.
Amasampula amanzi angaphezulu aphathwe ahlolwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezikhethiwe, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa iboniswe kuThebula 3 ngezansi.
Ithebula 3Imiphumela yokunqunywa kwamasampula amanzi angaphezulu
| Isici | Isampula 1 | Isampula 2 | ||
| Amanani alinganisiwe （μg/L） | Izinga lokutakula elinongwengwezi (%) | Amanani alinganisiwe （μg/L） | Izinga lokutakula elinongwengwezi (%) | |
| Cu | 18.7 | 94.5 | 24.2 | 92.1 |
| Pb | 1.2 | 97.8 | 1.4 | 99.6 |
| Cd | ＜0.06 | 91.2 | ＜0.06 | 94.5 |
| Ni | 7.9 | 102.3 | 8.2 | 97.4 |
| Cr | 1.3 | 105.5 | 1.8 | 96.9 |
Izinto zokubhekisela ze-Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, kanye ne-Cr zahlolwa izikhathi ezi-7 zilandelana, kanti imiphumela yokuhlolwa iboniswe kuThebula 4 ngezansi.
Ithebula 4Imiphumela yezinto zokubhekisela ze-Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, kanye ne-Cr
| isici | inombolo | inani elilinganisiwe （μg/L） | Izilinganiso （μg/L） | Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhlobene (%) |
| Cu | I-GSB 07-3186-2014 | 497±25 | 522.00 | 1.9 |
| Pb | I-GSB 07-3186-2014 | 0.241±0.012 | 0.243 | 2.1 |
| Cd | I-GSB 07-3186-2014 | 0.138±0.008 | 0.137 | 1.5 |
| Ni | I-GSB 07-3186-2014 | 258±14 | 253.4 | 2.6 |
Kusukela kuThebula 3 no-4, ukubuyiselwa kwe-Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni kanye ne-Cr okunezipikili kusampula yamanzi angaphezulu kungu-91.2%~105.5%, kanti ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwesampula ejwayelekile kungu-1.5%~2.6% kokulinganisa okungu-7 okuhambisanayo.
3 Isiphetho
Ngokwezidingo ze-“Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard” (GB 3838-2002), okuqukethwe yi-Cu, i-Pb, i-Cd kanye ne-Ni emanzini angaphezulu kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanzi ze-Class II. Kulokhu, i-WFX-220A atomic absorption spectrophotometer yasetshenziswa ukunquma i-Cu, i-Pb, i-Cd, i-Ni kanye ne-Cr ngokubhekisela ku-HJ 1453-2026 “Ukunqunywa kwe-Cu, i-Pb, i-Cd, i-Ni kanye ne-Cr ekhwalithini Yamanzi yi-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry”, futhi imiphumela yezinga lomkhawulo wokuthola, ukunemba kwesampula kanye nokunemba kwakwanelisa.
I-WFX-220A i-atomic absorption spectrophotometer inozwela oluphezulu, ukunemba okuhle kanye nobubanzi bezicelo. Isici sayo esikhulu kunazo zonke izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, isithando somlilo kanye nesithando se-graphite singafeza ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo ngokuchofoza okukodwa, kuhlanganiswe nokulawula ukugeleza okunembile kakhulu kanye nesofthiwe ehlakaniphile enesizindalwazi sochwepheshe esakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukusebenza okulula nokusebenza kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithuluzi lisebenzisa umklamo we-modular wokugcinwa kwansuku zonke, futhi linezikhiye zokuphepha eziningi kanye nokuvikelwa kokulawula izinga lokushisa okuhlanganisa isofthiwe nehadiwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenakugwenywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liphinde lisekele indlela yomlilo okushisa okuphezulu, indlela ye-hydride kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezandiso ze-autosampler, ezingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokuhlaziywa kwensimbi ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukudla kanye nemithi kanye neminye imikhakha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-15-2026